Sieges and Battles

Connected Sites: 91

WHS within whose boundaries a "Siege" or "Battle" took place for which a reference of it subsequently being called such is available. (Possible sources - Wiki's "List of Battles" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battles or "List of Sieges" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sieges).

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Connected Sites

Old City of Jerusalem
Inscribed: 1981
4.37
369
12
Assyrians 721bc (Lifted), Romans 70ad, 1st Crusaders 1099, Saladin 1187
Troy
Troy
Turkiye
Inscribed: 1998
2.83
174
8
Acheans C1200bc
Syracuse
Inscribed: 2005
3.53
308
8
Athenians 415bc (Lifted), Romans 213/2bc, Arabs 878
Rhodes
Rhodes
Greece
Inscribed: 1988
3.62
234
7
Demetrius Of Macedonia 304/4bc (Lifted), Ottomans 1480 (Lifted), Ottomans 1522
Agrigento
Inscribed: 1997
3.73
273
8
Romans 261bc
Tyre
Tyre
Lebanon
Inscribed: 1984
2.78
89
5
Alexander The Great 332bc
Carthage
Carthage
Tunisia
Inscribed: 1979
3.16
217
6
Romans 149/6bc
Masada
Masada
Israel
Inscribed: 2001
3.77
255
11
Romans 73ad
Istanbul
Istanbul
Turkiye
Inscribed: 1985
4.38
665
12
(Constantinople) Umayyads 674/8 (Lifted) Umayyads 717/8 (Lifted), 4th Crusade 1204, Mehmet 1453
Granada
Granada
Spain
Inscribed: 1984
4.39
564
11
Ferdinand + Isabella 1492
Québec
Québec
Canada
Inscribed: 1985
3.60
295
10
1690 New Englanders (Lifted), General Wolfe 1759
Vienna
Vienna
Austria
Inscribed: 2001
4.03
812
20
Ottomans 1529 (Lifted), 1683 (Lifted)
Paris, Banks of the Seine
Inscribed: 1991
4.19
956
20
Vikings 885/6
Ancient Nara
Inscribed: 1998
4.00
380
14
Taira Clan 1180
Gwynedd Castles
Gwynedd Castles
United Kingdom
Inscribed: 1986
3.40
247
10
(Harlech Castle) Prince Henry 1409, Edward Iv 1461/8
Mexico City and Xochimilco
Inscribed: 1987
3.83
373
8
(Tenochtitlan) Cortez 1521
Kazan Kremlin
Inscribed: 2000
2.79
85
6
Russians 1552
Valletta
Inscribed: 1980
3.76
493
10
Turks 1565
Solovetsky Islands
Inscribed: 1992
3.43
24
2
(Monastery) Tsar V "Old Believers" 1668/76
Old Havana
Inscribed: 1982
3.82
246
6
British 1762
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Croatia
Inscribed: 1979
4.07
522
15
Yugoslave Peoples Army 1991/2 (Lifted)
Cartagena
Cartagena
Colombia
Inscribed: 1984
3.37
177
5
British 1741 (Lifted); 1815, 4 Month Siege By Spain Under Morillo Who Recaptured The City From The Rebels Who Had Declared Independence In 1811
Riga
Riga
Latvia
Inscribed: 1997
3.54
444
15
Napoleonic Forces 1812 (Lifted)
Kyiv Cathedral and Lavra
Inscribed: 1990
3.57
245
6
Turcic Pechenegs 968 (Lifted)
Medina of Tunis
Inscribed: 1979
3.06
228
3
During The 8th Crusade (1270)
Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya
Thailand
Inscribed: 1991
3.60
392
15
Burmese Army In 1569 And 1767
Old City of Acre
Inscribed: 2001
3.26
205
6
2 Sieges: First Confrontation Of The Third Crusade (1189-1191), And An Unsuccessful French Siege Of The Ottoman-Defended, Walled City Of Acre (In 1799) Which Was The Turning Point Of Napoleon's Invasion Of Egypt And Syria
Florence
Inscribed: 1982
4.46
801
15
Siege Of Florence (1529-1530)
Mantua and Sabbioneta
Inscribed: 2008
3.21
234
7
Mantua: During The War Of The Mantuan Succession In 1630 By An Imperial Army Of 36,000 Landsknecht Mercenaries
St. Petersburg
Inscribed: 1990
4.22
356
9
Siege Of Leningrad 1941-44 (Lifted) - Remains Are Inscribed As Green Belt Of Glory And Road Of Life
Colonia del Sacramento
Inscribed: 1995
2.69
182
12
Several Times, By The Spanish
Champaner-Pavagadh
Inscribed: 2004
2.84
49
3
Of 20 Months, By Mahmud Begada
Fortifications of Vauban
Inscribed: 2008
3.01
327
18
Neuf-Brisach Was Besieged By The Germans In 1870
Berat and Gjirokastra
Inscribed: 2005
3.55
216
7
Siege Of Berat 1455
Hollókö
Hollókö
Hungary
Inscribed: 1987
2.65
162
9
Besieged By The Turks
Cuzco
Cuzco
Peru
Inscribed: 1983
3.71
362
9
Siege Of Cuzco (May 6, 1536 - March 1537)
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Rome
Rome
Holy See, Italy
Inscribed: 1980
4.57
928
13
At Least 6
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Lyon
Lyon
France
Inscribed: 1998
3.23
396
9
Besieged During The French Revolution. Aug/Sept 1783 At The Order Of The Committee Of Public Safety For Counter Revolutionary Activities. French Republican Forces Laid Siege And Captured The City And Followed Up With Its Partial Destruction And Execution Of Many Of Its Citizens.
See Chnm.Gmu.Edu
Toledo
Toledo
Spain
Inscribed: 1986
3.96
439
13
Siege Of The Alcázar Jul 21 - Sep 27 1936. By The Republicans Against The Nationalist Force Holding The Alcázar The Building Was Largely Destroyed By Artillery, Air Bombardment And Mining. In Late September The Building Had Almost Been Over-Run But Held Out Long Enough To Be Relieved By Franco's Forces.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Aleppo
Aleppo
Syria
Inscribed: 1986
3.55
88
5
By Saladin
Historic Cairo
Inscribed: 1979
3.65
396
11
By Saladin
Gusuku of Ryukyu
Inscribed: 2000
2.84
83
10
Nakijin Castle During The Satsuma Invasion
Upper Middle Rhine Valley
Inscribed: 2002
3.65
402
12
In 1688 Koblenz Was Besieged By The French Under Marshal De Boufflers, But They Only Succeeded In Bombing The Old City (Altstadt) Into Ruins.
Turaif Quarter
Turaif Quarter
Saudi Arabia
Inscribed: 2010
2.29
70
6
From Wiki "....Led To The Ottoman-Saudi War Of 1811-1818 And An Invasion Of Arabia By Ottoman And Egyptian Forces Brought The Saudi State To An End In 1818, With Diriyah Capitulating After A Nearly-Year-Long Siege. The Leader Of The Invading Force, Ibrahim Pasha, Ordered The Destruction Of Diriyah. However, When A Member Of The Local Nobility Tried To Revive The Wahhabi State In Diriyah, Ibrahim Ordered His Troops To Destroy The Town Even Further And Set Whatever Was Left Of It On Fire. When The Saudis Revived Their Fortunes In 1824 And Again In 1902, They Made Their Capital Further South In Riyadh, Which Remained Their Capital Ever Since.
Crac des Chevaliers
Inscribed: 2006
3.75
87
4
"In 1163 The Fortress Was Unsuccessfully Besieged By Nur Ad-Din Zengi, ... Saladin Unsuccessfully Besieged The Castle In 1188. " (Wiki)
Edinburgh
Edinburgh
United Kingdom
Inscribed: 1995
4.00
652
17
Edinburgh Castle (The Lang Siege 1571 - 1573)
See Www.Edinburgh-History.Co.Uk
Durham Castle and Cathedral
Inscribed: 1986
3.10
266
18
Siege Of Durham (1006)
See Www.Englandsnortheast.Co.Uk
Forts and Castles Gold Coast
Inscribed: 1979
2.87
69
8
Battle Of Elmina 1625
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Brimstone Hill Fortress
Brimstone Hill Fortress
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Inscribed: 1999
2.82
94
5
Jan-Feb 1782. Captured By France During The American Revolutionary War.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Grand Pré
Inscribed: 2012
2.53
94
9
Battle Of Grand Pré (February 10-11, 1747) Between British And French Forces, Siege Of Grand Pré (November 27-December 4 , 1749) Between British And Mi'kmaq, Maliseet And Acadians
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Elvas
Elvas
Portugal
Inscribed: 2012
3.16
177
7
Battle Of The Lines Of Elvas (1659), Between Portugal And Spain.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Biblical Tells
Inscribed: 2005
3.01
127
10
The Battle Of Hazor (Old Testament)
See Www.Israel-A-History-Of.Com
Graz
Graz
Austria
Inscribed: 1999
2.95
301
10
The Hackher Lion At The Schlossberg Is A Monument To Major Von Hackher, Who Withstood Months Of Siege Here By The French In 1809
Fortified City of Carcassonne
Inscribed: 1997
3.88
391
14
Siege Led By Pepin The Short To Expel The Arabs (759)
Avignon
Avignon
France
Inscribed: 1995
3.62
471
9
The Bridge Was Damaged During The Siege Of Avignon By Louis Viii Of France In 1226 (Wiki)
Namhansanseong
Namhansanseong
Republic of Korea
Inscribed: 2014
2.59
117
6
Qing Emperor Taizhong Led An Invading Force Of 130,000 Onto The Korean Peninsula In The 12th Moon Of 1636. The Joseon Army At Namhan Mountain Fortress Totaled A Mere 12,000 Men, Meaning They Were Outnumbered By More Than Ten To One. The Qing Soldiers Were Also Much Better Trained. Despite Such Overwhelming Odds Against Them, The Joseon Side Managed To Resist For 47 Days. - Official Website
Corfu
Corfu
Greece
Inscribed: 2007
2.98
250
9
Sieges By The Ottoman Turks, 1537 And 1571
San Antonio Missions
San Antonio Missions
United States of America
Inscribed: 2015
2.97
223
7
Battle Of The Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836)
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Guanacaste
Guanacaste
Costa Rica
Inscribed: 1999
3.13
95
6
Santa Rosa Historic Mansion Was The Site Of Battles In 1856, 1919 And 1955, But The Most Important Was During The 1856-1857 National Campaign Against The "Filibusteros", A Group Of Mercenaries From The Us And Europe That Believed In The Doctrine Of The "Manifest Destiny" And After Taking Power In Nicaragua, Intented To Establish An English-Speaking Slavery State In All Of Central America, Very Much On The Style Of The Southern Us States. After Their Victory, The Costa Rican Army Proceeded To Attack The City Of Rivas, In Nicaragua.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region
Inscribed: 2018
2.56
85
4
Hara Castle - During The Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638)
Trinity Sergius Lavra
Inscribed: 1993
3.08
117
5
During The Political Upheavals Of The Early 17th Century The Monastery Withstood A Legendary 16-Month Siege, As A Result Of Which It Received Many Rich Endowments And Donations (Ab Ev)
Paphos
Paphos
Cyprus
Inscribed: 1980
3.29
281
9
Palaepaphos Was Besieged By The Persians During The Ionian Revolt And There Is Some Debate About Whether Some Of The Archaeological Remains Are Those Of A Siege Mound Or Of An Acropolis.
See Www.Mcw.Gov.Cy
Bikini Atoll
Bikini Atoll
Marshall Islands
Inscribed: 2010
1
0
The Islands Remained Relatively Unscathed By The War Until February 1944, When In A Bloody Battle, The American Forces Captured Kwajalein Atoll. At The Battle's Conclusion, There Were Only Five Surviving Japanese Soldiers Left On Bikini, And They Chose To Commit Suicide Rather Than Allow Themselves To Be Captured.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Budapest
Budapest
Hungary
Inscribed: 1987
3.88
754
15
The Siege Of Budapest Or Battle Of Budapest Was The 50-Day-Long Encirclement By Soviet And Romanian Forces Of The Hungarian Capital Of Budapest, Near The End Of World War Ii. During The Siege, About 38,000 Civilians Died Through Starvation Or Military Action. The City Unconditionally Surrendered On 13 February 1945. It Was A Strategic Victory For The Allies In Their Push Towards Berlin.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Hué
Hué
Viet Nam
Inscribed: 1993
3.30
306
7
Major Losses Occurred In 1947 When The Việt Minh Seized The Citadel In February. The French Led Counter-Attack Laid Siege And The Six-Week Ensuing Battle Destroyed Many Of The Major Structures. The Core Of The City Including The Imperial Palace Was Burned. The Citadel Came Under Fire Again On January 31, 1968, As Part Of The Tet Offensive A Division-Sized Force Of People's Army Of Vietnam And Viet Cong Soldiers Launched A Coordinated Attack On Huế Seizing Most Of The City. Viet Cong Troops Occupied Some Portions Of The Citadel While South Vietnamese Troops Occupied Others; And Allied Warplanes Targeted The Anti-Aircraft Guns The Communists Has Mounted On The Citadel's Outer Towers.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Bamiyan Valley
Bamiyan Valley
Afghanistan
Inscribed: 2003
3.85
18
2
The Shahr-E Gholghola Was The Site Of 13th Century Siege Of Bamyan And The Massacre Of The City's Population By Mongol Conqueror Genghis Khan, Avenging The Murder Of His Favorite Grandson. This Is The Origin Of The City's Moniker "City Of Woe".
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Ohrid Region
Ohrid Region
Albania, North Macedonia
Inscribed: 1979
3.40
251
7
On 14–15 September 1464, 12,000 Troops Of The League Of Lezhë And 1,000 Of The Republic Of Venice Defeated A 14,000-Man Ottoman Force Near The City In The Battle Of Ohrid, Which Ended In An Albanian Victory Over The Ottomans. (Wiki)
Puebla
Puebla
Mexico
Inscribed: 1987
3.38
199
9
Battle Of Puebla (5 May 1862), Also 2 Sieges In 1847 And 1863
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Kasbah of Algiers
Inscribed: 1992
2.52
63
4
The Casbah Played A Central Role During The Algerian War Of Independence (1954–1962). During The Early Years Of The War, The Casbah Was The Epicenter Of The Insurgency Planning Of The National Liberation Front (Fln). In Order To Counter Their Efforts, The French Authorities Launched Operations In The Casbah During The Battle Of Algiers. (Wiki)
Chinchorro Culture
Inscribed: 2021
2.47
25
3
The Morro Del Arica Was The Site Of The Battle In Which Chile Captured Arica From Peru During The War Of The Pacific In June 1880.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Zacatecas
Inscribed: 1993
3.05
80
4
Battle Of Zacatecas (1914) During The Mexican Revolution When Francisco Villa Captured The Town (Wiki)
See En.Wikipedia.Org
City of Luxembourg
Inscribed: 1994
3.18
582
12
The City And Its Fortifications Were Besieged Many Times In Their History. The Castle "Was Damaged, Destroyed, Captured And Rebuilt On Several Occasions As The Burgundians (1473), The Habsburgs (1477), And The Spaniards (1555) Attacked And Took The Fortress. (...) In 1684, On Behalf Of Louis Xiv, Vauban Succeeded In Capturing The City Of Luxembourg During A Month-Long Siege. (...) In 1794 During The French Revolutionary Wars, The City Held Out Against A French Siege For Seven Months.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Rammelsberg and Goslar
Inscribed: 1992
3.18
237
11
"After His Election In 1152, King Frederick Appointed The Welf Duke Henry The Lion Imperial Vogt (Bailiff) Of The Goslar Mines; Nevertheless, The Dissatisfied Duke Besieged The Town And At An 1173 Meeting In Chiavenna Demanded His Enfeoffment With The Estates In Turn For His Support On Barbarossa's Italian Campaigns. (...) During The German Throne Dispute The Welf King Otto Iv Laid Siege To The Town In 1198 But Had To Yield To The Forces Of His Hohenstaufen Rival Philip Of Swabia. Goslar Was Again Stormed And Plundered By Otto's Troops In 1206."
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Santiago de Compostela
Inscribed: 1985
3.54
299
7
In The "10th Century And In The First Years Of The 11th Century Viking Raiders Tried To Assault The Town (...) And Bishop Sisenand Ii, Who Was Killed In Battle Against Them In 968, Ordered The Construction Of A Walled Fortress To Protect The Sacred Place.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Kotor
Kotor
Montenegro
Inscribed: 1979
3.82
404
12
Siege Of Cattaro (1813/1814 Napoleonic Wars) And The Battle Of Perast (1654, Venetians Defending Against Ottomans).
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Salamanca
Inscribed: 1988
3.55
258
10
Siege Of The Salamanca Forts (1812) – Peninsular War, Followed By The Battle Of Salamanca A Month Later
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Roman Walls of Lugo
Inscribed: 2000
2.88
198
7
"Lugo Was Unable To Resist The Suevi When They Swept Into The Peninsula In The Early 5th Century And Destroyed The Town By Fire. They Were To Be Dislodged In Their Turn By The Visigoths, Who Captured The Town In 457 And Settled It Once Again. The Irresistible Moorish Invasion Of Spain Saw Lugo Overwhelmed And Sacked In 714, But It Was Recaptured For Christendom By Alfonso I Of Asturias In 755 And Restored By Bishop Odarius. The Town Was To Be Ravaged Once Again In 968 By The Normans, On Their Way To The Mediterranean, And It Was Not Restored Until The Following Century." (Ab Ev)
Belfries
Belfries
Belgium, France
Inscribed: 1999
2.96
555
17
"Completed In 1565, [Antwerp City Hall] Lasted Hardly A Decade Before Being Burnt To A Shell In The Spanish Fury Of 1576." (Wikipedia)
Siena
Siena
Italy
Inscribed: 1995
4.07
505
9
Siena Was Besieged During The Italian War Of 1551–1559: "In January 1554, The Spanish Started Besieging The City Of Siena. (...) After An 18-Month-Long Siege, Siena Fell To Spanish Forces On 15 April 1555. (...) The Territory Of The Republic Of Siena Was Fully Annexed To The Duchy Of Florence Under Cosimo I De' (...) And Eventually Became Part Of The Grand Duchy Of Tuscany (1569)."
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Urbino
Urbino
Italy
Inscribed: 1998
3.28
220
8
War Of Urbino: "Francesco Maria I Della Rovere (...) Set Off With An Army Of Some 5,000 Infantry And 1,000 Horses (...) Reaching The Walls Of Urbino On 23 January 1517. He Defeated The Papal Condottiero Francesco Del Monte And Entered The City Hailed By The Population."
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Funerary and memory sites of the First World War
Inscribed: 2023
2.96
236
11
"The Component Sites Include Different Types Of Necropolises – Military, Battlefield Burial Grounds,.." (Ab Ev), For Example Ma01 French Memorial Of The Battles Of The Marne
Lower German Limes
Lower German Limes
Germany, Netherlands
Inscribed: 2021
1.85
212
8
Krefeld-Gellep: "Gelduba Is Also A Battlefield Site Associated With The Batavian Revolt. Parts Of The Battlefield With Unique Archaeological Features Are Located Under The Fort Or In The Immediate Vicinity. They Tell The Story Of The Attack By The Batavians On The Camp Of The Governor Caius Dillius Vocula."" (Nomination File, P. 72)
Nice
Nice
France
Inscribed: 2021
2.79
400
5
The Old Fortress On The Colline Du Château Was Besieged In 1534, 1691 And 1705.
See Fr.Wikipedia.Org
Cidade Velha
Cidade Velha
Cabo Verde
Inscribed: 2009
1.92
60
3
Capture Of Santiago (1585)
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles
Inscribed: 2021
3.94
274
12
Siege Of Padua (1509): During The War Of The League Of Cambrai (1509), Padua Was At The Centre Of The Fighting And The Basilica Was Located A Short Distance From The Fortifications And Therefore, Finding Itself Between Two Fires, It Suffered The Fury Of The Besieged Venetian Troops On One Side And The Reprisals Of The Besieging Imperial Army, Which Occupied It On And Off.
See It.Wikipedia.Org
Ferrara
Ferrara
Italy
Inscribed: 1995
3.20
278
10
During The War Of Ferrara, Ferrara Was Besieged By Venice.
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Assisi
Assisi
Italy
Inscribed: 2000
3.75
327
8
After A Period Of Wars, In 1174 Assisi Was Besieged And Conquered By Frederick Barbarossa.
See It.Wikipedia.Org
Hegmataneh
Inscribed: 2024
2.36
11
1
Battle Of Ecbatana (129 Bc)
See En.Wikipedia.Org
Val d'Orcia
Inscribed: 2004
3.23
238
11
In 1199 Siena Laid Siege To Montalcino, Which Lasted 16 Months, Ending With The Sienese Victory And The Destruction Of A Good Part Of The Castle. There Was Another Siege In 1201-1202, That Ended In The Destruction Of Montalcino. More Sieges Occurred In 1207, 1219, 1232 And 1252, When Montalcino Rebelled Against Siena.
See It.Wikipedia.Org
Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France
Inscribed: 1998
2.82
377
14
During The Siege Of Pons (1568-69), Part Of The French Wars Of Religion, The Church Of The Hospital Lost Its Vaults And Roofs. (Nomination File) - Saint-Sever Abbey Suffered Serious Damage From Numerous Sieges During The Hundred Years' War.
See Fr.Wikipedia.Org
Talayotic Menorca
Inscribed: 2023
2.93
50
4
Trepucó (Component C8): "It Is In A Good State Of Conservation Despite Its Historical Tendency For Being Affected By Alterations Like The Star-Shaped Dry-Stone-Wall Fortification Built In The 18th Century By Spanish Troops That Were Laying Siege To Fortress Of Saint Philip's Castle." "In 1782, A Cannon Of The Battery Utilised During The Siege Of The Fortress Of Saint Philip's Castle Was Installed Atop The Talayot, Which Must Have Affected Its Structure, As It Was Reinforced With The Wall Placed At Its Northeast Side To Avoid Collapse." (Nomination File, P. 452, 464)