Santa Maria della Salute (In 1630, Venice experienced an unusually devastating outbreak of the plague. As a votive offering for the city's deliverance from the pestilence, the Republic of Venice vowed to build and dedicate a church to Our Lady of Health. ), Il Redentore (to thank God for the deliverance of the city from a major outbreak of the plague) (source for both: wiki)

Notre-Dame de Fourvière: dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to whom is attributed the salvation of the city of Lyon from the bubonic plague that swept Europe in 1643 (wiki)

The church of San Giorgio was built on a previous structure and dedicated to San Giorgio in thanksgiving for the victory achieved by the Sienese in the famous battle of Montaperti.
See it.wikipedia.org

"Constructed in fulfilment of a vow by King João to commemorate the victory over the Castilians at Aljubarrota (15 August 1385)" (OUV)

Votivkirche: Following the attempted assassination of Emperor Franz Joseph in 1853, the Emperor's brother Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian inaugurated a campaign to create a church to thank God for saving the Emperor's life. And, Karlskirche: In 1713, one year after the last great plague epidemic, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, pledged to build a church for his namesake patron saint, Charles Borromeo, who was revered as a healer for plague sufferers. (both wiki)

Benevento: the church of S. Sophia was "[f]ounded by duke Arechi II immediately after his election (758) as a national temple and votive chapel for the longobard people". (Nomination file, p. 199)