Mount Carmel Caves

Nahal Me’arot may represent half a million years of human evolution, but they are a clear contender for the title of one of the least impressive paid-entry sights that I have ever been to. There are three caves that you can see here, although the first two are more overhangs than caves and can be viewed only from a distance behind the barrier. The first diagrams the geological ages of its layers, the second illustrates a prehistoric settlement with a few highly unsophisticated models and props.

The third cave can be entered. It is 70 meters deep, with nothing of a particular exceptional note. At the end of this cave you can see an AV presentation – a dramatization of the prehistoric life that looks like a failed costumed home-video attempt. I watched that for about seven minutes and could not stomach the cheesy show any longer. (On the positive side, there are sensors in the cave, and the presentation started right away when I approached the screen – it would be a lot more maddening if I had to spend time waiting for it to start first).

The rock views of the surrounding natural reserve are the most gratifying visuals at the site. The reserve may provide additional entertainment if you have kids in tow – who knows, they may even enjoy that movie – and want to do some hiking in addition to seeing the caves.

My entire visit in November of 2019 lasted no …

Visited September 2017

For those who have no background of prehistory, these caves can be disappointing. Well, not even caves, because only one of four (Nahal) can be called a cave; the three are rather shelters or holes in the natural cliff façade (the ceilings, first floors of the karst caves collapsed thousand years ago and paradoxically saved remains of our ancestors’ culture). But if you are able to stimulate your imagination and go far back half a million years ago… And if there’s a guide who can explain what you’re looking at… The outstanding value of this site becomes clear and unquestionable. This is the most exiting journey through human (pre)history you can experience, although not many traces are left.

There are many other caves or underground structures on both sides of Wadi El Mughara, and some of them are being excavated. Maybe in the future some other of these caves will be included into the list…

A pleasing aspect of carrying out a thorough trawl through the inscribed and T List sites of Israel and Palestine is that you can make a pretty complete tour along the timeline of human history in the Levant. To do so you need to start at the Carmel Caves where you can “enter” with Lower Paleolithic (from around 200k YBP) and pass through the Acheulian, Muarian, Mousterian (Neanderthal), Aurignacian and, finally, Natufian cultures (c10k YBP) at the borders of Upper Paleolithic/Neolithic – ready to move on to the true Neolithic at Jericho! Despite its coverage of an enormous time period, there isn’t a great deal actually to “see” at this site – just 4 “caves” situated at a cliff face. A reasonably thorough visit should only take about an hour. The caves are situated within the Nahal Me’arot Nature Reserve which seems to be “free entry” (and was packed out with “non-observant” Israelis when we were there on the Shabbat!) but you won’t get inside the “caged” cave area without having paid your 22 NIS entry fee (or have a “pass” as we did). The caves are reached in the following sequence

a. Tabun. The face of this “cave” is is viewed from an observation point at a distance of some 15 metres and I found it to be the most interesting as it possesses a well exposed series of archaeological strata covering around 150k years which are nicely identified and explained via a series of markers (photo) next …

The Carmel caves are an easy WHS to tick off. They are conveniently located close to route 4 and make a nice stopover when travelling between the WHS of Tel Aviv and Haifa. As for all fossil sites, don't expect to see much. There are a few descriptions, a few stone age tools, a film and in one of the 3 visible caves some puppets, recreating the live in the cave. But the landscape is nice and the caves are really easy to reach. You can enter one of them; the others are seen from the outside. About half an hour should do it to visit the site.

The Carmel caves are the only site where both Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals have been found side by side. Despite its historical significance there is really not much to see for the casual visitor. Access is only in guided tours where you get explained about the history of the digging and can watch a film about how people lived in these caves. The entire tour takes about half an hour. Most interesting findings like bone jewelry and stone utensils are on display in the small museum of prehistory in the nearby city of Haifa (where you can also visit the WHS Bahai Gardens).