Egypt

Saint Catherine Area

WHS Score 3.37 Votes 47 Average 3.7

The Saint Catherine Area holds the holy mountain of Mount Sinaï, home to one of the oldest continuously functioning Christian monasteries.

The remote monastery, located in a rugged landscape at the foot of the mountain, is an ancient example of ascetic monasticism. It was built in the 6th century at the site where Moses is supposed to have seen the burning bush. The mountain is sacred to three major world religions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Community Perspective: Be prepared for “an hour-long visit to a small courtyard, a church, and a very historic, though unimpressive, bush“. The monastery can be hard to enter because of the observance of many religious holidays and the site can get very crowded with bus tours from the Red Sea coast. Most people also do the 3hr hike to the top of the mountain, or even longer hikes. Philipp has tested that you can also do it as a DIY trip by rental car from the coastal resorts.

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Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Saint Catherine Area (ID: 954)
Country
Egypt
Status
Inscribed 2002 Site history
History of Saint Catherine Area
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • i
  • iii
  • iv
  • vi
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
News Article
  • May 31, 2025 orthodoxtimes.com — Monks of Saint Catherine’s Monastery close its doors to visitors in protest over Egyptian Court ruling
  • Nov. 6, 2022 middleeasteye.net — Egyptian authorities jeopardising St Catherine's nature reserve and indigenous population with tourism project
  • Dec. 17, 2017 arabnews.com — Egypt reopens ancient library in Sinai after renovations
  • April 23, 2017 christiandaily.com — ISIS claims responsibility for attack at checkpoint near Christian monastery in Egypt
  • April 15, 2014 english.alarabiya.net — Ex-Egypt general wants St. Catherine demolished
  • Feb. 18, 2014 telegraph.co.uk — Excursions to St Catherine'shalted after Sinai bombing
  • Sept. 14, 2013 theguardian.com — Mount Sinai monastery latest victim of Egypt's upheavals
  • April 15, 2012 english.ahram.org.eg — St. Catherine Monastery library to undergo restoration
  • Sept. 8, 2009 independent.co.uk — Fragment from world's oldest Bible found hidden in Saint Catherine monastery

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Religious structure: Christian
  • Archaeological site: Near Eastern
Travel Information
No travel information
Recent Connections
View all (24) .
Connections of Saint Catherine Area
Individual People
Geography
Trivia
History
  • Byzantine Empire and Civilization
    Its walls and buildings are very significant in the study of Byzantine architecture ... the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, who sent teams of architects and masons to build a fort below the rocky eminence identified by the monks as Mount Sinaï (AB ev)
World Heritage Process
  • Cultural sites rejected for Natural criteria
    In 2002 Egypt originally asked for a "mixed" inscription but the site was only inscribed on cultural criteria. In 2003 it submitted a larger area in an attempt to gain inscription under natural criteria as well but this was again rejected
Religion and Belief
Human Activity
  • Bedouin
    "It preserves the authenticity of its different components to a considerable extent because of the reliance on local materials in successive buildings and restorations. There are repairs that date back to the Middle Ages, made by both the monks and the local Bedouin." (OUV)
  • Famous Palimpsests
    Sinaitic Palimpsest

    See en.wikipedia.org

Constructions
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
WHS Hotspots
Science and Technology
  • Libraries
    "The monastery library preserves the second largest collection of early codices and manuscripts in the world, outnumbered only by the Vatican Library. Its strength lies in Greek, Coptic, Arabic, Armenian, Hebrew, Georgian, and Syriac texts. The Codex Sinaiticus, now in the British Library, left the monastery in the 19th century for Russia, in circumstances that are now disputed."
WHS Names
News
orthodoxtimes.com 05/31/2025
Monks of Saint Catherine’s Monaste…
middleeasteye.net 11/06/2022
Egyptian authorities jeopardising …
arabnews.com 12/17/2017
Egypt reopens ancient library in S…
Recent Visitors
Reserved for members.

Community Reviews

Show full reviews
First published: 05/02/24.

Philipp Peterer

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Philipp Peterer

Most has been mentioned about the monastery itself, so I won’t go into details. According to their website, the monastery is closed on Friday and Sunday, so I picked Saturday to go there. Further the museum and church closed at 11:30 that day, so better early if you want to visit them. We also skipped visiting the mountain. If you are not religious, there is in my opinion little incentive to climb such a mountain.

I went to the monastery from Sharm El Sheikh by rental car and apart from the usual police and military blockades this was no problem at all. No special permit needed and no police escort. Streets are great and empty the whole way. It is very easy to find as there are not many streets and signage is good. A clear advantage for the crazy ones like me is that you can visit 3 TWHS on the day trip to the area. We stopped in Dahab in the morning and took the longer route (had to convince the police that I want to take a detour) on the way back, with stops at Wadi Feiran and Raitho monastery. All 3 TWHS are from 1994 and will never make it to the list. So don’t bother if you are not that serious.

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First published: 02/08/22.

Boj

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Boj

I had the opportunity to arrange a 3-day visit to the holy site, which included a hike to Mt. St. Catherine - the highest point in Egypt, through the guidance of Ahmed, a Jebeliya Bedouin. He said his tribe has lived for centuries in the mountains of South Sinai. 

Perhaps for most travelers, St. Catherine Area means St. Catherine Monastery, and its impressive museum, church and the Burning Bush. But by venturing out in the valleys and canyon (property is 60,000+ hectares), one discovers other interesting chapels, ruins and archaeological sites most likely related to stories in the Book of Exodus. 

It took several hours and a great deal of sore muscles to reach the country's summit, the Chapel of St. Catherine (photo uploaded). On the way, Ahmed and I hiked through Wadi El-Arbaein (Valley of the Forty, in honor of the Forty Martyrs), numerous rock shelters, olive gardens and ancient wells. 

Two tentative sites, Raitho Monastery and Wadi Feiran, for their own unique heritage values can perhaps be nominated as extension to (or enhancement of) the St. Catherine heritage site.

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First published: 17/12/19.

Gablabcebu

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by GabLabCebu

WHS#63

Sinai doesn't feel quite like the rest of Egypt. It's home to some beautiful rugged mountain landscapes that kept me awake through every drive. It also doesn't feel quite as congested and crazy. And it's cool. As in cold. Even in May when I experienced 47-degree temperatures in Luxor and Aswan days before, temperatures were 30 degrees lower in the nights in St. Catherine. I spent a night in a Bedouin camp nearby while on my trip through Egypt in 2018, and the views and atmosphere of the desert mountains was just magical, almost as if preparing us for the great sights to see the next day. I think that's why I wasn't so sold with St. Catherine's Monastery the next day - there was just so much anticipation for what ended up being an hour-long visit to a small courtyard, a church, and a very historic, though unimpressive, bush. I don't think my visit to the monastery really gave it justice, but does the monastery really give justice to the long drive going there? It's great, but I ended up not seeing the renowned library and mosque next to the church as those options weren't even available to me. I also regrettably didn't go up to Mt. Sinai as my family wasn't in the mood to wake up at dawn and climb hundreds of steps. All in all, it was a somewhat underwhelming experience, but I did love the mountain landscapes.

Ultimately, though, I can't take …

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First published: 07/09/12.

Clyde

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Clyde

I visited this WHS in April 2010. I started to climb Mount Sinai at around 4am to view a spectacular sunrise at around 7am. After the sun rose, I continued to trek towards the Monastery of St. Catherine at the foot of Mt Horeb, where Moses received the Tablets of the Law. The whole area is considered sacred by 3 religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

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First published: 16/06/11.

Anonymous

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Argo

..

in my past life i used to climb the Mt. Sinai for living!

i did that almost 80 - 100 times .. for sunrise and such!

Nowadays, and after i realized what is best for me, i got myself i little house in here and i enjoy the magnificent healthy spiritual life in these mountains.

If you come around that far and high, its sad that you don't give yourselves the time to meet with yourselves! Spend few days and learn new experiences.

its summer it time!

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First published: 23/04/11.

Anonymous

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Argo

It's an increadible experience up the Sinai, but the guides sell you this a first level dificulty climb. This is not true. And the dry weather became freeze ou too much hot very fast. It's impossible climb the mountain and see the Monatery at the same time you go there. The Monastery is too interesting but the visit gets you about 15 or 20 minutes, because the monks don't let you stay looking at. There, you keep the line, see and farewell.

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First published: 25/02/06.

Christer Sundberg

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Christer Sundberg

The last leg of my Egyptian trip – the Sinai Peninsula and Sharm El Sheik – heading for the Saint Catherine Monastery in the mountains. I’m sure that Sharm El Sheik is a haven for those who just loves resorts, especially in combination with diving but in my - strictly personal opinion – its nothing but a sad place with one concrete hotel next to the other and garbage littered desert. If you want to go here I strongly recommend the small towns of Dahab and Nuweiba further up the east coast of Sinai.

At the time of my visit to Saint Catherine’s, the entire tourist population of Sharm El Sheik must have decided to go here. Given the crowds, I still got quite a nice view and understanding of a monastery that with its desolate location has been virtually uninfluenced by the surrounding world over many centuries, preserving a religious ambience that you only find in Jerusalem or in religious centres in Russia.

The reason for Saint Catherine’s location, in the midst of the Sinai Mountains, is of course Moses and the mountain where he received the Ten Commandments from God. Besides Moses, they say that the desert and the Sinai Mountains have given birth to many prophets and philosophers thanks to its desolate, beautiful and majestic landscape - once there’s nothing around you, you have to look inside to find truth and meaning to life. Believe me….it works…!

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First published: 01/05/05.

Solivagant

Saint Catherine Area

Saint Catherine Area (Inscribed)

Saint Catherine Area by Solivagant

Unfortunately St Catherine’s closes for various religious days and, to complicate matters further, is still operating on the Julian, not the Gregorian calendar! I know of no way to check in advance whether it will be open on any particular day or not.

So, on my second visit we could not get in (luckily I had already visited the “Burning bush” and the library). There is still Mount Sinai to climb however! It provides some fine views down onto the monastery and a wide panorama at the top. It will take about 3hrs. It is “traditional” to do it at night (when you can make it more of a “pilgrimage”) for the sunrise but if (as we are not) you are not a great lover of sunrises it is a reasonable climb in winter before the sun rises too high.

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