China
Three parallel rivers of Yunnan
The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas represent a landscape of river gorges and high mountains.
The areas contain the watershed areas of the Yangtze (Jinsha), Mekong (Lacang) and Salween (Nujiang) rivers and glaciated peaks of over 6,000m altitude. It also has significant geological value, with it being on the "collision point" of tectonic plates and holding landforms such as alpine karst and alpine Danxia.
Community Perspective: Although this is mostly high mountain scenery no one will get to, a few component parts are accessible from the city of Zhongdian/Shangrila, including the Tiger Leaping Gorge, Podatso National Park (see Jarek's review), Balagezong Scenic Spot and Napa Hai (labelled as an “influencing area”).
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Three parallel rivers of Yunnan protected areas (ID: 1083)
- Country
- China
- Status
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Inscribed 2003
Site history
History of Three parallel rivers of Yunnan
- WHS Type
- Natural
- Criteria
- vii
- viii
- ix
- x
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- travelchinaguide.com — Park info by Lijiang Travel Guide
News Article
- July 28, 2016 scmp.com — Mines in Chinese Unesco site damaging pristine Shangri-La forest: Greenpeace
- March 22, 2009 japanfocus.org — The Water Politics of China and Southeast Asia
- Feb. 26, 2008 asianews.it — Environmental groups but also scientists and university scholars have appealed to the central government to stop plans to build a series of dams along the central Nu River in Yunnan.
- Dec. 16, 2007 uk.reuters.com — Wild black bears are raiding crops and terrorizing villagers in a desperate search for food in a protected part of China's scenic southwestern province of Yunnan.
- Oct. 22, 2006 theage.com.au — Threat to delist world heritage site in China
- May 22, 2006 cbc.ca — China orders film producers to restore damaged heritage site
Community Information
- Community Category
- Natural landscape: Rivers, Wetlands and Lakes
- Archaeological site: Near Eastern
Travel Information
Recent Connections
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Yangtze Basin
“features parallel courses of three of … -
Centres of Plant Diversity
EA26 Gaoligong Mntns, Nu Jiang River & … -
Refugium
"The ice-free status of most of NW Yunn…
Connections of Three parallel rivers of Yunnan
- Geography
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Himalaya
"The property spans a large portion of the Hengduan Mountains, which is the major arc curving into Indochina from the eastern end of the Himalayas." (OUV) -
Highest (over 5000m)
Mt Kawagebo 6740m -
Mekong Basin
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Glaciers
AB Review "The highest peak is Mt Kawagebo (6740 m), from which the southernmost glacier in China, Mingyongqia, descends to an altitude of 2700 m." ... This "is claimed to be the glacier descending to the lowest altitude for such a low latitude (28N) in the northern hemisphere" -
Situated on a Continental Divide
Headwaters of the Salween into the Indian Ocean via the Irawaddy and the Yangtse and Mekong into the Pacific -
Roof of the World
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Yangtze Basin
“features parallel courses of three of Asia's great rivers, including the Yangtze (Jinsha River section)”
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- Trivia
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Greatest Altitude Variations
760m - 6740m (Mt Kawagebo): 5980m difference
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- Ecology
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Living Fossils
Gingko BilobaSee en.wikipedia.org
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Bears
Brown bear -
Refugium
"The ice-free status of most of NW Yunnan during the Pleistocene glaciations, allowing a variety of plants and animals to remain relatively undisturbed in refugia." (IUCN) -
Snow leopard
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Travertine pools
Baishuitai Terrace, part of Haba Snow Mountain -
Rainforests
Temperate Rainforest -
Tectonic processes
Criterion (ix): .... An exceptional range of topographical features - from gorges to karst to glaciated peaks -- is associated with the property being at a "collision point" of tectonic plates. -
Endemic Bird Species
Yunnan mountains Endemic Bird Area - White-speckled Laughingthrush (Garrulax bieti), Brown-winged Parrotbill (Paradoxornis brunneus), Yunnan Nuthatch (Sitta yunnanensis)See www.birdlife.org
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Gray Wolf
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- Damaged
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Affected by Climate Change
Glaciers in Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (China) – #1 highest mass loss relative to 2000 (57.2%) and also the fastest melting glacier on the ListSee www.unesco.org
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'Threatened' by Dams
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- World Heritage Process
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Minor modifications after inscription
2010: numerous small changes, including those to allow for more precision in the habitat of the Yunnan Snubnosed monkey and to correspond with the refined boundaries of areas that after inscription have become a full Nature Reserve. -
Inscribed on all 4 Natural criteria
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- Religion and Belief
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Stupa
Stupa row at Deqin -
Tibetan Buddhism
Feilai Temple at Deqin
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- Human Activity
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Tea Horse Road
centred on Deqen/Dequing in the Baima-Melli snow mountain sub-area of the site -
Natural sites with indigenous human population
Tibetan, Lisu, Nu, Dulong, Bai, Pumi and Naxi minority peoples -
Paper Manufacture
Baishuitai and Xinzhuang village, Tengchong county (home of the new paper making museum)
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- Constructions
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Via Ferrata
At Laojunshan -
Suspended cable cars
Cable car at Laojunshan (in 2 parts)
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- WHS on Other Lists
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World Heritage Forest Programme
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Centres of Plant Diversity
EA26 Gaoligong Mntns, Nu Jiang River & Bilou Snow Mntns - "the last remaining stronghold for an extensive suite of rare and endangered plants and animals"
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- Timeline
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Eocene
The property is of outstanding value for displaying the geological history of the last 50 million years associated with the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate, the closure of the ancient Tethys Sea, and the uplifting of the Himalaya Range and the Tibetan Plateau. (crit viii)
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News
- scmp.com 07/28/2016
- Mines in Chinese Unesco site damag…
- japanfocus.org 03/22/2009
- The Water Politics of China and So…
- asianews.it 02/26/2008
- Environmental groups but also scie…
Recent Visitors
Reserved for members.Community Reviews
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There are pleasant experiences that fade in your memory over time, and there are experiences that will remain embedded for the rest of your life. My two-day hike of Tiger Leaping Gorge will stay with me, clearly and fondly. The colourful mountains, the gorge, and the pleasant mountain villages along the way make this hike unforgettable.
First, a general overview of the hiking trail:
- The trail is fairly easy to follow, although not consistently marked. There were couple of instances where we missed a turn, but village folks were able to point us to the right path fairly quickly.
- The trail is not technically challenging, but portions of the trails are on the cliff's edge. A very unfortunate misstep could result in serious injury or death, but as long as you are not intentionally walking on the very edge of the trail, you should be safe.
- There are some switchbacks and inclines that will strain most hikers' energy, especially in heat. We hiked in April (so not in the middle of the summer) but I found myself drinking copiously every few steps upwards. A person of average fitness should be able to complete the hike in 1.5 to 2 days.
- There are number of guesthouses along the trail. Halfway Guesthouse has unreal scenery from their patio (and washroom).
- When we hiked (April 2019), there were few hikers but not very many, especially as the hikers from the bus that we took dispersed throughout …

The other reviews are all centred around the Yangtse river. But there are 3 rivers and the Salween in the far west is more remote and unspoilt. It takes 2 days to get to the best bits from Dali in the south but it's worth it. A real adventure!!
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Visited November, 2012. It is not an easy site to visit. It is not easy to mark precisely what was really inscribed as three parallel rivers. There are no good maps available in Yunnan. I have to do a lot of paperwork before going there and found out that the easiest way to visit one of the inscribed areas is to go to Shangri-La (former Zhongdian) and try to reach the site from there.
Shangri-La has its own charm (and it is good to stay there for some time, city is very interesting including old town, as well as surrounding countryside) and located nearby Podatso (Potatso or Pudacuo) National Park which is part of Haba Snow Mountains Area and one of the inscribed UNESCOs.
The park is 22 km from the town by good asphalted road. I am not sure about a public transport there but you can easily arrange a tour from Shangri-La or go there by bike (that I did). To get there it is about 2 hours (the road goes really through the mountains). Once you arrive at park entrance (visitors center) you should buy very expensive ticket to go through (in fact it was the most expensive entrance fee I have ever encounter in China - 190 Yuan).
For that price you get free bus transportation inside the park and the possibility of perform different treks inside. The most popular is around Shudu Lake (approx. 4 km, photo attached, google coordinates 27.905487, 99.948334) …
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These sites are always hard to determine whether you have visited them. However my guide when I visited ShangriLa from Lijiang in October of 2008, confirmed that Tiger Leaping Gorge is part of Haba Snow Mountain and then in ShangriLa I visited the Potatso National Park and found that Bita Lake is located in the park. Both Tiger Leaping Gorge and Potatso Park are very popular local tourist sites and should be the destination for anyone who wants to check this WHS off their list.
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I've been twice in the last 20 months to this area because I found it so beautiful the first time (April 2004). But when I returned a few weeks ago (November 2005), I found so much development going on that I had the feeling one needs to travel quickly to this area before it loses all its natural charm. Very modern four and six-lane highways are being put up--wonderful in some regards, but isn't part of the romance of a place getting there? Modern, gleaming gas stations are springing up to support the road networks. China Mobile cell phone towers are everywhere, creating wonderful cell service but definitely not wanted in the scene view. The city of Dali seems to be in competition with the city of Lijiang; they're now building their own "old town completely with running spring". Zhongdian meanwhile is building its own new "old town" -- and all of these while featuring quaint cobbled streets and Naxi and Tibetan houses, sell the most dreadful tourist trinkets (plastic "Tibetan" beads, tin "silver jewelry", fake old coins, Tibetan "dreamcatchers", Naxi t-shirts, etc. etc.) We returned to a wonderful valley near Zhongdian to discover it had turned into a major construction site where they are building--yes! another new "old city" and a chairlift to haul hundreds of tourists daily up over the once pristine valleys and peaks. Pretty soon we'll probably have white water rafting camps along the rivers. Can't something be done to explain that these sites should be …
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In 1994, I travelled around Yunnan Province for one month. It was one of the best trips of my life, and still at the right moment. Kunming was just starting to become a big, modern city and Lijiang and Dali saw the first influx of tourists. However, I did visit more remote places during that trip, of which Zhongdian stands out the most. We arrived after a long bus trip by night through the mountains. The air was thin, making the climb to the first floor of our hotel already difficult.
In the next days, we explored the surroundings. With a car and a female driver (I still clearly picture her immaculate white gloves), we went on a day trip to (what I now think was) Napa Hai. Writing this review, over 10 years later, the memories of the heavenly landscape all come back. The fresh mountain air, the endless views over the plateau, the yellow hey stacks, the rivers and lakes, numerous yaks. Still sunny in October, we enjoyed just strolling around, having small talk (the mime-type) with local women doing their laundry in the streams (members of the minority groups that populate this area).
I have been hesitant to add this site to my Visited list, mainly because it's not very clear what exactly belongs to the "Three parallel rivers of Yunnan protected areas" and because I didn't write down the names of the places visited in 1994. After some research, I believe the place I …
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